Mid Term Academic Writing (the definition, Crediting Source, and Reference List)

MID TERM ACADEMIC WRITING

1.a.Plagiarism : plagiarism is claiming a work that the words and ideas of another as the own. The researchers do not cite the sources that used in their guidelines presented in the chapter.

b. Self Plagiarism : Self Plagiarism is claiming credit for the words, ideas, and concepts of others, that refers to the practice of presenting one’s own previously published work asthough it were new. The researchers do not present the source although it is their previous publised work that the guideliness used in the nowdays work.

c. Direct Quotation : Take theorist from source by using original words. Reproduce word for word material directly quoted from another author’s work or from your own previously published work, material replicated from a test item, and verbatim instructions to participants which always provide the author, year, and specific page citation or paragraph number for nonpaginated material in the text and include a complete reference in the reference list.

d. Paraphrasing : producing words that refers to the main idea, but not in the original words from the source.

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Mid term Academic Writing

CITING REFERENCES IN TEXT

1. One work by one author

• Author : April Mc Mahon
• Year : 2002
• Books Title : An Introduction to English Phonology
• City : Edinburgh
• Publisher : Edinburgh University Press Ltd
• Quotation and Citations :

McMahon (2002:3) said that The relationship between phonetics and phonology is a complex one, but we might initially approach phonology as narrowed.

2. One work by Multiple Authors

• Author : Ron White, Andy Hockley, Julie Van Der Horst Jansen, Melissa S Laugher
• Year : 2008
• Books Title : From Teacher to Manager Managing Language Teaching Organization
• City : Cambridge
• Publisher : Cambridge University Ltd
• Quotation and Citations :

White, Hockley, Jansen, and Laugher (2008:46) said that as educators, we are familiar with the idea that reflection is an important part of the learning process.

3. One work Groups as Authors

• Author : PT Gramedia Pustaka Utama
• Year : 2009
• Books Title : Insearch English Prepare for IELTS Skills and Strategies
• City : Jakarta
• Publisher : PT Gramedia Pustaka Utama
• Quotation and Citations :

PT Gramedia Pustaka (2009:75) said that fluency is speaking without too many pauses or hesitations, with normal levels of continuity, pace and effort, at a normal conversational speed.

4. Authors with the same surname

• Author : Keith Johnson and Helen Johnson
• Year : 1998
• Books Title : Encyclopedic Dictionary of Applied Linguistics
• City : Massachussetts
• Publisher : Blackwell Publishers Ltd
• Quotation and Citations :

Johnson, K., & Johnson, H. (1998) found that Chomskyan theory has always emphasized language as a property of the mind rather than as social behavior.

5. Works with no Identified Author or with an Anonymous Author

• Author : Anonymous
• Year : 1990
• Books Title : A Genre Based Approach to Teaching Writing
• City : New York
• Publisher : Common Ground 6A Nelson Street Annandele NSW Australia 2038
• Quotation and Citations :

A Genre Based Approach to Teaching Writing (1990:50) said that The part of the clause is interpersonal meaning which organises the clause as a piece of dialogue, to function as statement, question, command, offer or exclamation.

6. Two or more works within the same Parentheses

• Author : Jeremy Harmer
• Year : 2001
• Books Title : The Practice of English Language Teaching
• City : Cambridge
• Publisher : Addison Wesley Publishing Company

• Author : Diane Larsen
• Year : 2000
• Books Title : Techniques and Principles in Language Teaching
• City : New York
• Publisher : Oxford University Press
• Quotation and Citations :

“Audio-lingualism relied heavily on drills to form these habits; substitution was built into these drills so that, in small steps, the student was constantlylearning and moreover was shielded from the possibility of making mistakes by the design of the drill” (Harmer ;Larsen 2000)

7. Secondary Sources

• Author : Stefan Titscher, Michael Meyer, Ruth Wodak, and Eva Vetter
• Year : 2000
• Books Title : Methods of Text and Discovery Analysis
• City : London
• Publisher : SAGE Publications Ltd. 6 Bonhill Street
• Quotations and Citations :

Conversation analysis is closely related to Gamperz’s idea of contextualization cues. (as cited in Gamperz,1982)

8. Classical Works

• Author : –
• Year : 2004
• Books Title : Interpretation of the Meanings of The Noble Quran
• City : Riyadh
• Publisher : Dar-us-Salam Publications
• Quotations and Citations :

“Then which of the Blessings of your Lord will you both (jinns and men) deny?, (He is) the Lord of the two easts (places of sunrise during early summer and early winter) and the Lord of the two wests (places of sunset during early summer and early winter)”. (Qur’an 55:16-17)

9. Citing specific parts of source

• Author : H. Douglas Brown
• Year : 2004
• Books Title : Language Assessment Principles and Classroom Practices
• City : New York
• Publisher : Pearson Education, Inc.
• Quotations and Citations :

“A second method of scoring, primary trait, focuses on “how well students can write within a narrowly defined range of discourse “”(Weigle, 2002,p. 110)

10. Personal Communications

• Source : Mr. Gatot Prasetyo’s Email
• Date : May, 5 2014
• Quotation and Citation:

“The only way is to read carefully and find out the words/expression you do not understand. Thanks.” (Prasetyo G., personal communication, May 5, 2014).

11. Citations in Parenthical Material

• Author : Rod Ellis
• Year : 1997
• Books Title : Second Language Acquisition
• City : New York
• Publisher : Oxford Unity Press
• Quotations and Citations :

“ For example, if the accessibility hierarchy is taken to reflect the degree of maredness of relative pronoun functions.” (see Table 7.1. of Ellis, 1997, for complete data).

Discussion Text

Online National Exam in Pros and Cons

The Goverment held Online National Examination. Starting this year will be piloting or testing the national examination with target some of schools in each level in every province. For subsequent years, based computer national examination system will be done with a wider areas, in 34 provinces in the Junior High School, Senior High School, Vocational High School, B and C packet. Their questions is same or equivalent with paper-based test. Some debates includethe model UN that still in this experiment seems only as formalistic-symbolic. People, who support the national exam explain that The ideas of online national examination is very brilliant. Besides to consideration of austerity and honesty, online examination is also as become a facility to test the level of the original of students’ activity. In addition, if the national exam have thousands and even millions of test items, it will minimize the potential of dishonesty. Therefore, The Ministry of Education and Culture (Kemendikbud) UN quibble that the aims of online national examination are to save costs, to ensure the honesty of the implementation of national examination, pure and flexible However there are people who disagree with the opinion. Model UN that still in this experiment seems only as formalistic-symbolic. Because, in every years, the government always produced the new policies and new ideas, but always creates new problems as well because it is done with unserious and without good preparation. In each province, only a few schools are ready to hold the online national examination because they are not ready 100 percent yet.

In fact, the online national examination is not ready yet to be useful in Indonesia. It need more preparation to make this exam done in our country.

 

Hortatory Exposition Text

Tourism Benefit on Local People

Tourism is now a most contributor to the economies of most countries. Tourism industries can bring money, job vacancy and advancement especially to developing regions. However, this money often goes into the pockets of foreign investors, and only rarely benefits for local people.

Tourism industries will not give much benefit for local people if, for example, multinational hotel chains don’t care about the surrounding nature when they build new hotels. This can cause many social, cultural and geographical problems. Some local people may get job and money from that International hotel chain. However in case of missing that opportunity, some of them still have their own environment.

Moreover, some facts show that tourists tend to go, visit and spend their money in restaurants, bars and even luxury hotels of that multinational chains. They less go to such places; restaurant, bar, hotel, shop which are owned by local people. This can prevent the local people’s business from becoming even larger.

Most important thing, tours or excursions of tourism have little effect on nature. Even it can disrupt or destroy ecosystems and environments, and if it does, the local people will get the risk.

So the local government policies should be put in place to ensure that tourism will make the benefit spreading widely. The policies should guarantee that tourism will not cause any harm to any local people or places

Analytical Exposition

The importance of discipline for children

Discipline is vital to every living being. Its also importance to teach for our children. There are some importance discipline for our children.

First, discipline teaches children the concept of right and wrong. If they are never disciplined, kids will never learn when their behaviour is unacceptable. They will never learn the difference between right and wrong. Second, it allows for discipline in schools. Without the concept of discipline being established at home, it is very difficult to have a disciplined classroom, which is a prerequisite for learning. Third,discipline helps them to develop good habits. No concept of discipline makes temperance an impossible thing to learn. It acts as a vital deterrent to stop children being naughty.

In conclusion, discipline has many advantages to teach for our children.

News Item text

The damage of Asian-African Conference Commemoration (AACC)

Bandung-Bandung Mayor Ridwan Kamil criticized citizens responsible for damaging public facilities used in the 60th anniversary of the Asian-African Conference Commemoration (AACC)in Bandung last week.

“This shows that Bandung citizens are not yet grown up. Some of us are uncivilized, unable to appreciate the hard work of fellow citizens,” Ridwan said on Monday.

Ridwan said he hoped Bandung residents would view the damage and vandalism as a a catalyst for creating a more beautiful, responsible city.

Damages included the disappearance of flags of AACC participating countries as well as iron plates with their names. Flowers, pots and three benches were broken as well.

“I previously hoped that all would be under control, that nothing would be stolen,” he said in Bandung as quoted by kompas.com.

EXPLANATION TEXT

WHY SMARTPHONES BECOME POPULAR?

Smartphone is a cellular phone that performs many of the functions of a computer, typically having a touchscreen interface, Internet access, and an operating system capable of running downloaded applications.

The popularity of the smartphone is placed by the operating system construction and production is easy. This condition makes the smartphones manufacture sells the smartphone more affordable. The apps of smartphones are divers and some of apps in a smartphone are frees. You can download and install some of Apps, such as games frees. The most important reason why everyone has a smartphone is because it allows people to stay connected all throughout the day. Smartphones have given people the chance to stay connected with friends and family members from all over the world, such as BBM, Facebook, WhatsApp,etc. If you ask most smartphone owners, the one thing that they love the most about their smartphone is the camera feature. People just love the fact that they can take good looking photos on their phone and they can save them instantly. Not only will they be stored on the phone, but they can also be shared with friends and family members with just one click. You will be able to save all of your memories and share them whenever you want. The cameras are also improving in quality and so this is certainly great news for people that love to take pictures.

That’s all certain reasons why all smartphones have become such a huge part of today’s generation so popular and will be bigger than ever.

PROCEDURE TEXT

Pekalongan Cah Kangkung Tauco – Stir Fry Water Spinach with Tauco Pekalongan Creation –
Ingredients:
1 bunch water spinach, wash the water spinach and shake it dry
2 glasses of water1 tbsp oil for stir fryingsalt, sugar as desired
Spices to be ground:3 shallots1 cloves garlic
1 scallion1/2 tbsp tauco (salted fermented soy beans)
2cm of galangal
1 chili

STEPS :
Wash an cut the water spinach.
Cut the onion, garlic, scallion and chili.

Break the galangal
Heat the oil in fraying pan.
Put and saute the onion, garlic, and chili.

Wait until fragrant.
Put the water spinache into frying pan.

Put two glasses of water
Give the salt, sugar, galangal, and tauco.
Wait until its done.
Ready to serve.

Descriptive Text

PEKALONGAN MANGROVE PARK

Pekalongan Mangrove Park is the one an only mangrove park in Pekalongan. It is an “Eduwisata” or an educational and tourisme park.

 

It located in Kandang Panjang Beach, North Pekalongan. The large of Pekalongan Mangrove Park is 5,7 hectare. Formerly, the location of Pekalongan Mangrove Park is an embankment ponds. In 2010, the goverment of Pekalongan buy the area, furthermore the area become a tourisme, conversation and PRPM ( Pusat Restorasi dan Pembelajaran Mangrove). The park is a reforestation from the goverment of Pekalongan and also from society around. There are many mangrove trees that planted. The kinds  are : Avicennia, Bruguiera , and Xylocarpus. They believe that mangrove give prevention of coastal erosion and sea water intrusion provides security to human settlement and sustainability of freshwater resources. The other purpose are Mangroves will reduce the impacts from natural disasters such as storms and tidal waves so that business activities and the surrounding human settlements can be salvaged, Increased biodiversity, particularly fish and crab species will increase the income of local fishermen,  the construction of embankment ponds will become stronger because it will be supported by mangroves roots, Passer-bys can walk comfortably along the embankments as they will be protected from the sun by the canopy of mangrove forests, Mangrove leaves can be used as cattle feedstock (especially for goats) and its fruits can be made into jam, crackers, etc. for human consumption, Water quality of aquaculture will become better because mangrove roots can filter solid waste while the micro-organism found on the floor of mangrove forests can decompose organic materials from inside and outside aquaculture activities, and The formation of coastal greenbelt not only will protect the coastal settlement from sea level rising, but also support climate change mitigation and adaptation program because mangroves sequester CO₂ from the atmosphere.

You will never get payment to enter the area, and you just pay to rent parking area, to park your transportation. There is a large parking area that give ease to you to park your transportation. The board walking is ready as a bridge to tourist that walk on mangrove park.

The area is completed by boat that can take you travelling the area of mangrove park. You just pay Rp. 10.000,-  to rent the boat. With travel by boat, you can look mangrove tress from nearest. There is love alley or “Lorong cinta” as usual as they called, there is an alley which there are many mangrove trees at your right and left side. How beautiful place, so you can take a picture. Pekalongan Mangrove Park is completed by Hall Room to interview room or the one who want to know about Pekalongan Mangrove Park or mangrove trees itself. And you will know the history and the purpose of Pekalongan Mangrove Park.

REPORT TEXT

FOOTBALLS

Footballs are a sport that consist of two teams. Each teams consist of eleven players. Ten of players just allow kicking and heading the ball. And the one of player is a goal keeper. A goal keeper can use his hands to catch the ball. The other name of this sport is soccer.

Footballs are playing on a wide rectangular field with a goal on each end of the field.The way to play football are by ten of players kicking, dribbling, and shooting a ball into a goal of rival team. The winners are those who score the most goals. If the football match ends in a draw score, may be redirected to play extra time and can or can’t to continue in a penalty shoot time.

FIFA “Federation Internationale de Football Association ( International Federation of Association Football) is the international governing body of association football, futsal, and beach soccer.

Each country has a national team of football, and a football association. The players who include in the national team are the citizenship of the country. The most prestigious of football competition is FIFA World Cup, which is held every four years. Not only in a country, but also  each of cities have one or two or more three football team. For the example is London. London has three famous football team. They are Chelsea, Arsenal, and Tottenham Hotspurs. The other example is Manchester. Manchester has two famous football team. They are Manchester United and Manchester City. Football match is something that always interesting for people. Nowdays, football is not only as a sport, but also as a business for the owners, coach, and players in a club of football. The tickets of stadium is expensive, so, it will be bring a benefit to the owner of the club. For the coach and the players, they will receive big salary if they able to work professional.